Advanced functional materials: high specific capacity hydrogen ion battery assisted by ultra high loading MoO3 electrode

At present Faraday electrodes with high capacity high rate are urgently needed in the field of energy storage. The rate performance of Faraday electrode is determined by the diffusion velocity of the carrier inside the electrode the type of carrier. The first main group alkali metals (such as Li Na K ) are the research hotspots in the field of battery. However with the increase of carrier size it becomes more more difficult to embed / disentangle in the electrode material which makes it difficult to achieve high power density energy density at the same time. Hydrogen ion is not only the smallest ion but also has ultra-high conduction rate. Similar to Newton pendulum the fast proton conduction in hydrogen bond network can be attributed to the von Grotthuss mechanism proposed in 1806. Recently more more attention has been paid to hydrogen ions as carriers. Although some progress has been made high power density energy density hydrogen ion batteries are rarely reported. Area specific capacity is an important parameter of battery energy density volume capacity it is of great significance to the development of practical energy storage devices. In principle the area specific capacity can be improved by increasing the surface load of the active material. However long ion diffusion distance usually leads to the capacity loss of electrode materials so it is difficult for metal carriers to achieve high area specific capacity through high load. The reported surface load of metal carrier battery is usually less than 20 mgcm-2. Moreover its large size will destroy the structure of electrode materials in the cycle the slow diffusion kinetics often leads to poor rate performance.

Professor Zhao Chuan's research group of the University of New South Wales has realized the ultra-high area specific capacity (22.4 MAH cm-2) of hydrogen ion battery electrode by preparing high loading MoO3 electrode (more than 90 mgcm-2).

the MoO3 nanowires prepared by the research team are orthorhombic (PBNM space group a = 3.965 60 Å B = 13.873 00 Å C = 3.706 30 Å). The XRD results show that it is a layered structure with two possible hydrogen intercalation sites. TEM showed that the diameter of nanowires was about 200 nm the length was about 5 μ M. At low loading MoO3 electrode has excellent electrochemical hydrogen storage performance: three pairs of CV redox peaks the reaction kinetics is dominated by hydrogen ion diffusion. The reversible redox reaction between h2.0moo3 h1.1moo3 resulted in a high specific capacity (235 MAH g-1). The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen ion (3.27 x 10-10 cm2 s-1) is 30 times higher than that of lithium ion. Under high loading hydrogen ions diffuse rapidly in the thick electrode the thick electrode has good electronic conductivity so the area specific capacity of 94.16 mgcm-2 MoO3 electrode can reach 22.4 mahcm-2 which is much higher than that of most reported energy storage devices. The high loading electrode has good rate performance cycle stability (> 5000 cycles). The thick electrode of hydrogen ion battery in this study not only provides a new idea to achieve high area specific capacity but also lays a foundation for the development of energy storage devices with high energy density high power density. In this paper the high load electrode is prepared by simple traditional coating method which can not only greatly simplify the battery assembly process but also reduce the production cost which is of great significance for industrial mass production commercial application.

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