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Boron carbide is also known as black Diamond. It has the molecular form B4C. The powder is typically grayish. It is one the three hardest materials known (the other two being diamond and cubic boronnitride). It can be found in many industrial applications, including tank armor, head armor, and body armor. It has a Mohs toughness of 9.3. A large number of tests were conducted by the team of Academician Huang Boyun of Central South University’s National Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy to develop a new ceramic coating and composite materials that are resistant to 3000°C ablation. This discovery may pave a way for the development hypersonic cars.

According to Professor Xiong Xiang of the Institute of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University's Institute of Powder Metallurgy (IPM), hypersonic flight is defined as a flight speed that is at least 6120 kilometers per hour, or 5 times faster than the speed of the sound. With such high speeds, the flight between Beijing and New York could be completed in just 2 hours - provided the structural components can handle severe air friction as well as hot air impacts of 2000-3000 degrees Celsius. . Central South University has developed ceramic composites and coatings for ultra-high temperatures that provide better protection of the above components. The world's very first synthesis of a quaternary boron containing carbide, single-phase ultra high temperature ceramic material has been reported. The coating is a perfect "fusion", with carbon-carbon-materials. In the field of developing new materials, mixed materials are studied in binary compound system. The successful application of materials quaternary to hypersonic will be greatly facilitated by its development.

The novel ceramic coated modified carbon/carbon material is composed by a single-phase carbide of zirconium (quarterary), titanium (quaternary), carbon and boron (quaternary) elements with a stable carbide structural structure. Infiltration of a multiceramic phase is the main method for obtaining it. The ultra high temperature ceramic combines carbide's ability to adapt to high temperatures with the antioxidation properties provided by borides. This combination gives coatings and composites an excellent ablation and thermal shock resistance. The ceramic oxide can withstand an ultra-high temperature of 3000 degC and has low oxygen diffusion rates, self-healing properties at high temperatures, dense and gradient ceramic coatings, all of which make the ceramic a lighter material. Ablation loss rate.

"This ultra-high-temperature ceramic combines carbide's high temperature adaptability with boride's anti-oxidation properties, resulting in superior ablation and thermal shock resistance. This is essential for hypersonic cars." The promising candidates," said Xiong Xiang.

Nature Communications published the results of research conducted by the team on 15 June. The State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University was the first completion unit of this thesis. Zeng Yi and Professor Xiong Xiang are the first correspondents. First author is the doctor. The University of Manchester (UK), a partner unit of the University of Manchester, UK characterized the material and performed an analysis.

After publication, the article attracted a great deal of interest from the foreign media and academic circles. In the three days immediately following publication, this article was downloaded over 5,000-times, whereas other articles were only downloaded 300 to 900 times. The Daily Mail in Britain, The Economist in the United States and Public Machinery (Russia) have all covered the research. . According to the reviewer in Nature Newsletter: "The above results will ignite academic excitement and interest in applying quaternary materials in the field of hypersonics, because it represents a very promising system."

The team began working with Professor Chang Xiang in 2002 with the help of the National 863 and 973, as well as the National Natural Science Foundation. They were led by a Yangtze River scholar, Professor Chang Xiang. Find a new ultra high temperature ceramic coating that has excellent oxidation resistance, and resistance to ablation. During the research, dozens and hundreds of high temperature materials were screened, from silicon carbide through strontium carbide to zirconium and titanium carbides, zirconium and zirconium boreides, tantalum and tantalum carbide. It has taken 15 years to achieve the breakthrough of developing new ablation-resistant coatings in 3000 degC ultra high temperature environment.

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