Other Kinds of Water-Reducing Agents

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Guotai Junan released a research report saying that under the background of carbon neutrality, the scarcity of coal mines is prominent, and the value of assets will continue to increase. The high point of capital expenditure in the coal industry appeared in 2012. Under the general direction of carbon neutrality, the overall investment in the industry has slowed down, and capital expenditure has gradually declined. From 2021 to now, the Energy Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission has only newly approved 17.4 million tons of water reducer.

Water reducing agents can be divided into ordinary water-reducing agents (also known as the plasticizing agent, whose water reducing rate is not less than 8%, represented by lignin sulfonic acid salts), high-efficient water-reducing agents (also called superplasticizer, whose water reducing rate is not less than 14%, including naphthalene, melamine, amino sulfonic acid salt, aliphatic, etc.) and high-performance water reducing agent (the water reducing rate is not less than 25%, represented by the polycarboxylate water-reducing agent).

Following is an introduction to five kinds of water-reducing agents.

Sulfamate High-efficient Water Reducing Agent:

The chemical name is aromatic amino sulfonate polymer. The production process is to use sodium aminobenzene sulfonic acid, and phenol as raw material, through addition, and the polycondensation reaction, a kind of polymerization of oita polymers will be produced. The water-reducing rate can reach 30%. The cost is relatively high, and it is easy to bleed. When used in combination with the naphthalene series high efficient water reducing agent, it can solve the problem of the naphthalene series high efficient water reducing agent and compatibility of cement. 

Sulfamate superplasticizer is a kind of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon type superplasticizer, mainly composed of p-sulfamate and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. Phenol compounds will be combined with formaldehyde under acidic or alkaline conditions heat condensation.

The molecular structure of sulfamic acid superplasticizer is complex, and different monomers will have different molecular structures. 

Preparation Method:

The synthesis process is through the sulfamate superplasticizer and polyoxyeolefin compound polycondensation or with other compounds, such as lignosulfonate, catalytic graft to modify the sulfamate superplasticizer. The sulfamate series water reducing agent modified by polyoxy olefins polycondensation combines the advantages of polycarboxylate series and sulfamate series water reducing agent and has good working performance and early strength, but the raw material price is expensive and the production cost is high. 

The graft copolymerization of lignosulfonate and sulfamic acid superplasticizer can reduce the production cost and improve the segregation and bleeding of sulfamic acid superplasticizer.

Fatty Acids High-efficient Water-reducing Agents:

The chemical name is aliphatic hydroxyl sulfonate polymer. The raw materials are mainly acetone, formaldehyde, Na2SO3, Na2S2O5, catalyst, etc. It is brownish-red liquid. The water reduction rate can reach 20%, and it can be used for low-grade concrete and will make concrete stain. 

HSB aliphatic superplasticizer 

HSB (High Strence Bing) is a carbonyl pyroaldehyde synthesized by sulfonation of polymer.  Hydrophobic main chain for aliphatic hydrocarbons, it does not pollute the environment and does not damage human health. It has wide applicability to cement, obvious concrete enhancement effect, and small slump loss. Under conditions of low temperature, there is no sodium sulfate crystallization phenomenon. It is widely used in the preparation of pumping agents, delay setting, early strength, antifreeze, air, and other kinds of individual water reducing agents, and can also be used with naphthalene series water reducing agent, amino water reducing agent, polycarboxylate water reducing agent compound. 

Characteristics: 

1. High water reduction rate. Dosage is 1-2%, the water reduction rate is up to 15-25%. Under the condition of the same strength slump, adding HSB can save cement consumption by 25-30%.

2. Early strength and obvious enhancement effect. Concrete mixed with HSB can reach 60-70% of the design strength in three days, 100% in seven days, and 30-40% higher than blank concrete strength in 28 days. 

3. High plastic. Concrete slump loss is small, with almost no loss for 60 min and 10-20% for 90 min; 

4. Wide applicability to cement, workability, and good cohesion. Good compatibility with other kinds of admixtures; 

5. It can significantly improve the freeze-thaw resistance, seepage resistance, sulfate resistance of concrete, and comprehensively improve the other physical properties of concrete; 

6. It is especially suitable for the following concrete: flow plasticized concrete, natural curing, steam curing concrete, impermeable waterproof concrete, durable freeze-thaw resistant concrete, sulfate resistant Marine engineering concrete, and reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete; 

7. HSB is non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive to steel bars, and has no sodium sulfate crystals in winter. 

Powder polycarboxylate 

It is a new type of high-performance water reducing agent, which has an excellent water reduction rate, fluidity, and permeability. Obviously, it can enhance the strength of cement mortar, but the production process is complex, and the general price is higher. 

Casein

It is a biopolymer made from milk precipitated with acid and dried in a cylinder. 

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